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her husband, Guildford Dudley, were beheaded after being condemned for high treason.
• In 1818, Chile officially proclaimed its independence, more than seven years after initially renouncing Spanish rule.
• In 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded.
• In 1912, Pu Yi (poo yee), the last emperor of China, abdicated, marking the end of the Qing Dynasty.
• In 1914, groundbreaking took place for the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. (A year later on this date, the Memorial's cornerstone was laid.)
• In 1924, George Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue" premiered in New York.
• In 1940, the radio play "The Adventures of Superman" debuted with Bud Collyer as the Man of Steel.
• In 1959, the redesigned Lincoln penny - with an image of the Lincoln Memorial replacing two ears of wheat on the reverse side - went into circulation.
• In 1963, President John F. Kennedy celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation with a reception at the White House. A Northwest Orient Airlines Boeing 720 broke up during severe turbulence and crashed into the Florida Everglades, killing all 43 people aboard.
• In 1973, Operation Homecoming began as the first release of American prisoners of war from the Vietnam conflict took place.
• In 1994, the 17th Winter Olympic Games opened in Lillehammer, Norway. A version of Edvard Munch's painting "The Scream" was stolen from the National Gallery in Oslo, Norway (it was recovered a few months later in a sting operation).
• In 1999, the Senate voted to acquit President Bill Clinton of perjury and obstruction of justice.
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• Ten years ago: Defying a California law, San Francisco officials began performing weddings for same-sex couples. Four men were charged in a 42-count indictment alleging they'd run a steroid-distribution ring that provided performance-enhancing drugs to dozens of athletes in the NFL, the major leagues and track and field. (All four later pleaded guilty to drug charges.)
• Five years ago: Saying "I made a mistake," Sen. Judd Gregg, R-N.H., abruptly withdrew his nomination as President Barack Obama's commerce secretary. A Colgan Air commuter plane crashed into a suburban Buffalo, N.Y., home, killing all 49 aboard and a person in the house. (The victims included Alison Des Forges, 66, a noted expert on the 1994 Rwanda genocide, and Gerry Niewood, 64, and Coleman

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