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programs for private viewing did not violate federal copyright laws.
• In 1989, five children were shot to death at the Cleveland Elementary School in Stockton, Calif., by a drifter, Patrick Purdy, who then killed himself.
• In 1995, more than 6,000 people were killed when an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 devastated the city of Kobe (koh-bay), Japan.
• Ten years ago: Three U.S. soldiers were killed north of Baghdad, pushing the U.S. death toll in the Iraq conflict to 500. Hollywood producer Ray Stark died at age 88.
• Five years ago: Israel declared a unilateral cease-fire in its 22-day Gaza offensive. President-elect Barack Obama arrived in the nation's capital after a daylong rail trip that began in Philadelphia, retracing the path Abraham Lincoln took in 1861. Salvage crews hoisted a downed US Airways jetliner from the Hudson River, two days after a dramatic water landing survived by everyone on board.
• One year ago: Algerian helicopters and special forces stormed a gas plant in the stony plains of the Sahara to wipe out Islamist militants and free hostages from at least 10 countries. Nearly all the militants were killed; at least 40 hostages died in the standoff. Oprah Winfrey's OWN network broadcast the first of a two-part interview with Lance Armstrong, in which the disgraced cyclist told Winfrey he had started doping in the mid-1990s.
• Today's Birthdays: Actress Betty White is 92. Former FCC chairman Newton N. Minow is 88. Actor James Earl Jones is 83. Talk show host Maury Povich is 75. International Boxing Hall of Famer Muhammad Ali is 72. Pop singer Chris Montez is 72. Rhythm-and-blues singer William Hart (The Delfonics) is 69. Actress Joanna David is 67. Rock musician Mick Taylor is 66. Rhythm-and-blues singer Sheila Hutchinson (The Emotions) is 61. Singer Steve Earle is 59. Singer Paul Young is 58. Actor-comedian Steve Harvey is 57. Singer Susanna Hoffs (The Bangles) is 55. Movie director/screenwriter Brian Helgeland is 53. Actor-comedian Jim Carrey is 52. Actor Denis O'Hare is 52. First lady Michelle Obama is 50. Actor Joshua Malina is 48. Singer Shabba Ranks is 48. Rock musician Jon Wysocki is 46. Actor Naveen Andrews is 45. Electronic music DJ Tiesto is 45. Rapper Kid Rock is 43. Actor Freddy Rodriguez is 39. Actor-writer Leigh Whannel is 37. Actress-singer Zooey Deschanel is 34. Singer Ray J is 33. Country singer Amanda Wilkinson is 32. DJ/singer Calvin Harris is 30. Folk-rock musician Jeremiah Fraites is 28.
• Thought for Today: "He that is of the opinion money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money." - Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790).
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