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• In 1586, Mary, Queen of Scots, went on trial in England, accused of committing treason against Queen Elizabeth I. (Mary was beheaded in February 1587.)
• In 1890, Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th president of the United States, was born in Denison, Texas.
• In 1908, the E.M. Forster novel "A Room With a View" was first published by Edward Arnold of London.
• In 1939, a German U-boat torpedoed and sank the HMS Royal Oak, a British battleship anchored at Scapa Flow in Scotland's Orkney Islands; 833 of the more than 1,200 men aboard were killed.
• In 1944, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel committed suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.
• In 1947, Air Force test pilot Charles E. ("Chuck") Yeager (YAY'-gur) broke the sound barrier as he flew the experimental Bell XS-1 (later X-1) rocket plane over Muroc Dry Lake in California.
• In 1960, Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy suggested the idea of a Peace Corps while addressing an audience of students at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
• In 1961, the Frank Loesser (LEH'-sur) musical "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying," starring Robert Morse as J. Pierrepont Finch, opened on Broadway.
• In 1964, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
• In 1977, singer Bing Crosby died outside Madrid, Spain, at age 74.
• In 1987, a 58-hour drama began in Midland, Texas, as 18-month-old Jessica McClure slid 22 feet down an abandoned well at a private day care center; she was rescued on Oct. 16.
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• Ten years ago: John Allen Muhammad pleaded not guilty to murder as the first trial in the deadly Washington-area sniper rampage got under way in Virginia Beach, Va. (Muhammad was later convicted of killing Dean Harold Meyers and executed in 2009.) The United States vetoed a U.N. Security Council resolution that would have condemned Israel for building a barrier that cut into the West Bank. In Game 6 of the National League Championship Series, a Cubs fan inadvertently deflected a foul ball away from the outstretched glove of Chicago outfielder Moises Alou; the Florida Marlins, down 3-0 at the time, rallied to win the game and went on to win Game 7 and advance to the World Series, where they beat the New York Yankees.
• Five years ago: Big banks started falling in line behind a revised bailout plan

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