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will further deter hunters from trying to find their spots. Williams, president of the Wildlife Management Institute, said most hunters want to hunt legally, and the confusion over what's open and what's closed will likely prompt some people to just stay home.
• "I'm sure there'll be some number that will say, 'I don't know where to go, where I'm allowed to go and therefore I'm not going to take a chance,'" said Williams. "And perhaps they won't go at all."
• The shutdown comes just as most states' primary hunting seasons get underway.
• "For guides it's like Macy's at Christmas, you lose your income for the year," said Desiree Sorenson-Groves, vice president of the National Wildlife Refuge Association, an advocacy group.
• Tags to hunt bears at Alaska's Kodiak Island National Wildlife Refuge are tough to get, and the closure is forcing eager hunters to alter their plans for hunts that should have kicked off Oct. 1, said Land Tawney, executive director of Missoula, Mont.-based Backcountry Hunters and Anglers.
• That hurts not only hunters, but the businesses they support, he said.
• Tawney said he scouted an area of the Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge for two weeks with hopes of duck hunting but had to take his shotgun to another part of Montana.
• "It's a duck haven, and this time of year it's a great place to duck hunt," he said.
• In some parts of the country, hunters have waited 15 to 20 years to earn a tag to hunt big game such big horned elk or pronghorn antelope.
• "Now they have to turn in their tags and wait another year," said Gaspar Perricone, co-director of Bull Moose Sportsmen's Alliance, a Colorado-based hunting group.
•

• CUSHING, Okla. (AP) -- A federal appeals court Wednesday said a lower court was correct when it refused to temporarily stop construction of what is intended to be the southern end of the Keystone XL pipeline and carry oil from Oklahoma to refineries along the Gulf Coast.
• The Sierra Club, Clean Energy Future of Oklahoma and the East Texas Sub Regional Planning Commission had sued the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, saying the project posed significant environmental hazards and shouldn't have been approved. The groups sought an order that would have stopped work on the pipeline while the lawsuit was being heard, but a district court denied that request last year.

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