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• On this date:
• In 1773, Pope Clement XIV issued an order suppressing the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits. The Society was restored by Pope Pius VII in 1814.
• In 1861, during the Civil War, the first Battle of Bull Run was fought at Manassas, Va., resulting in a Confederate victory.
• In 1925, the so-called Monkey Trial ended in Dayton, Tenn., with John T. Scopes found guilty of violating state law for teaching Darwin's Theory of Evolution. The conviction was later overturned on a technicality.
• In 1930, President Herbert Hoover signed an executive order establishing the Veterans Administration, which later became the Department of Veterans Affairs.
• In 1944, American forces landed on Guam during World War II.
• In 1949, the Senate ratified the North Atlantic Treaty.
• In 1952, the Democratic National Convention, which nominated Adlai Stevenson for president, opened in Chicago.
• In 1959, the NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered merchant ship, was christened by first lady Mamie Eisenhower at Camden, N.J.
• In 1961, Capt. Virgil "Gus" Grissom became the second American to rocket into a sub-orbital pattern around the Earth, flying aboard the Liberty Bell 7.
• In 1972, the Irish Republican Army carried out 22 bombings in Belfast, Northern Ireland, killing nine people and injuring 130 in what became known as "Bloody Friday."
• In 1980, draft registration began in the United States for 19- and 20-year-old men.
• In 1998, astronaut Alan Shepard died in Monterey, Calif., at age 74; actor Robert Young died in Westlake Village, Calif., at age 91.
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• Ten years ago: President George W. Bush told reporters at his Texas ranch he was working to persuade more nations to help in Iraq, saying, "The more people involved in Iraq, the better off we will be." Carlton Dotson Jr., the roommate of missing Baylor basketball player Patrick Dennehy, was arrested and charged with Dennehy's murder. Dotson later pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 35 years in prison.
• Five years ago: In a face-to-face meeting with Iraq's leaders, Democratic presidential contender Barack Obama gained fresh support for the idea of pulling all U.S. combat forces out of the war zone by 2010. Former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic (RA'-doh-van KA'-ra-jich), one of the world's top war crimes fugitives, was arrested in a Belgrade suburb by Serbian security forces. Eric Dowling, who helped excavate tunnels used in the breakout from a World War II German prison camp

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