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the United States government; the area became Washington, D.C.
• In 1862, Flag Officer David G. Farragut became the first rear admiral in the United States Navy.
• In 1912, New York gambler Herman Rosenthal, set to testify before a grand jury about police corruption, was gunned down by members of the Lennox Avenue Gang.
• In 1935, the first parking meters were installed in Oklahoma City.
• In 1945, the United States exploded its first experimental atomic bomb in the desert of Alamogordo, N.M.
• In 1951, the novel "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger was first published by Little, Brown and Co.
• In 1964, as he accepted the Republican presidential nomination in San Francisco, Barry M. Goldwater said "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice" and that "moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue."
• In 1969, Apollo 11 blasted off from Cape Kennedy on the first manned mission to the surface of the moon.
• In 1979, Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq.
• In 1980, former California Gov. Ronald Reagan won the Republican presidential nomination at the party's convention in Detroit.
• In 1981, singer Harry Chapin was killed when his car was struck by a tractor-trailer on New York's Long Island Expressway.
• In 1999, John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife, Carolyn, and her sister, Lauren Bessette, died when their single-engine plane, piloted by Kennedy, plunged into the Atlantic Ocean near Martha's Vineyard, Mass.
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• Ten years ago: The Environmental Protection Agency announced it was starting big-money, long-term cleanups at ten Superfund toxic waste sites and putting ten other sites aside for later. A car driven by 87-year-old George Russell Weller plowed through a farmers market in Santa Monica, Calif., killing 10 people and injuring more than 70. (Weller was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to five years of probation.) Cuban-born "Queen of Salsa" Celia Cruz died in Fort Lee, N.J., at age 77.
• Five years ago: Republican John McCain addressed the annual convention of the NAACP, telling the civil rights group in Cincinnati he would expand education opportunities, partly through vouchers for low-income children to attend private schools. Israel freed notorious Lebanese militant Samir Kantar and four others after Hezbollah guerrillas handed over the bodies of two Israeli soldiers. Florida resident Casey Anthony, whose 2-year-old daughter, Caylee, had been missing a month,

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