(Continued from page 25)

• In 1803, in its Marbury v. Madison decision, the Supreme Court established judicial review of the constitutionality of statutes.
• In 1821, Mexican rebels proclaimed the "Plan de Iguala," their declaration of independence from Spain.
• In 1863, Arizona was organized as a territory.
• In 1912, the American Jewish women's organization Hadassah was founded in New York City.
• In 1920, the German Workers Party, which later became the Nazi Party, met in Munich to adopt its platform.
• In 1938, the first nylon bristle toothbrush, manufactured by DuPont under the name "Dr. West's Miracle Toothbrush," went on sale. (Previously, toothbrush bristles were made from animal hair.)
• In 1942, the SS Struma, a charter ship attempting to carry Jewish refugees from Romania to Palestine during World War II, was torpedoed by a Soviet submarine; all but one of the 769 refugees on board perished.
• In 1961, the Federal Communications Commission authorized the nation's first full-scale trial of pay television in Hartford, Conn.
• In 1983, a congressional commission released a report condemning the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II as a "grave injustice."
• In 1988, in a ruling that expanded legal protections for parody and satire, the Supreme Court unanimously overturned a $150,000 award that the Rev. Jerry Falwell had won against Hustler magazine and publisher Larry Flynt.
• In 1993, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (muhl-ROO'-nee) resigned after more than eight years in office.
•
• Ten years ago: Seeking U.N. approval for war against Iraq, the United States, Britain and Spain submitted a resolution to the Security Council declaring that Saddam Hussein had missed "the final opportunity" to disarm peacefully and indicating that he had to face the consequences. A powerful earthquake in China's western region of Xinjiang killed at least 263 people, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, and injured at least 4,000.
• Five years ago: "No Country for Old Men" won Academy Awards for best picture, best director and best screenplay adaptation for Joel and Ethan Coen and best supporting actor for Javier Bardem (HAH'-vee-ayr bahr-DEHM'); Daniel Day-Lewis won best actor for "There Will Be Blood," while Marion Cotillard (koh-tee-YAHR') was named best actress for "La Vie en Rose." A suicide bomber struck Shiite Muslim pilgrims south of Baghdad, killing at least 56 people. Cuba's parliament named Raul Castro president, ending nearly 50 years of rule by his brother Fidel. Ralph

(Continued on page 27)