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were not aliens and could enter the United States freely; however, the court stopped short of declaring them U.S. citizens.
• In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in his State of the Union address, called for legislation to provide assistance for the jobless, elderly, impoverished children and the handicapped.
• In 1943, Soviet dictator Josef Stalin appeared on the cover of Time as the magazine's 1942 "Man of the Year."
• In 1951, during the Korean War, North Korean and Communist Chinese forces recaptured the city of Seoul (sohl).
• In 1960, author and philosopher Albert Camus (al-BEHR' kah-MOO') died in an automobile accident in Villeblevin, France, at age 46.
• In 1964, Pope Paul VI began a visit to the Holy Land, the first papal pilgrimage of its kind, as he arrived in Jerusalem.
• In 1974, President Richard M. Nixon refused to hand over tape recordings and documents subpoenaed by the Senate Watergate Committee.
• In 1987, 16 people were killed when an Amtrak train bound from Washington, D.C., to Boston collided with Conrail locomotives that had crossed into its path from a side track in Chase, Md.
• In 1990, Charles Stuart, who'd claimed he'd been wounded and that his pregnant wife was fatally shot by a robber, leapt to his death off a Boston bridge after he himself became a suspect.
• In 2007, Nancy Pelosi was elected the first female speaker of the House as Democrats took control of Congress.
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• Ten years ago: As President George W. Bush put the finishing touches on an economic growth package costing $674 billion over ten years, Democratic presidential hopefuls pledged to scuttle what they characterized as a plan that would help the wealthy without reviving the economy. Oscar-winning cinematographer Conrad L. Hall died in Santa Monica, Calif., at age 76.
• Five years ago: The government reported that the nation's jobless rate hit 5 percent in Dec. 2007, a two-year high, fanning recession fears. Howling winds, pelting rain and heavy snow pummeled California. Britney Spears lost custody of her two sons to ex-husband Kevin Federline a day after police and paramedics were called to her home.
• One year ago: Defying Republican lawmakers, President Barack Obama barreled past the Senate and used a recess appointment to name Richard Cordray the first director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

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