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• In 1912, Albania proclaimed its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
• In 1922, Captain Cyril Turner of the Royal Air Force gave the first public skywriting exhibition, spelling out, "Hello USA. Call Vanderbilt 7200" over New York's Times Square; about 47,000 calls in less than three hours resulted.
• In 1958, Chad, Gabon and Middle Congo became autonomous republics within the French community.
• In 1961, President John F. Kennedy dedicated the original permanent headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency in Langley, Va. Ernie Davis of Syracuse University became the first African-American to be named winner of the Heisman Trophy.
• In 1962, Princess Wilhelmina, the onetime Queen of the Netherlands, died at age 82.
• In 1964, the United States launched the space probe Mariner 4 on a course to Mars.
• In 1979, an Air New Zealand DC-10 en route to the South Pole crashed into a mountain in Antarctica, killing all 257 people aboard.
• In 1987, a South African Airways Boeing 747 crashed into the Indian Ocean with the loss of all 159 people aboard.
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• Ten years ago: In twin attacks in Kenya, three suicide bombers killed 14 people at an Israeli-owned hotel, while at least two missiles were fired at -- but missed -- an Israeli jetliner taking off from Mombasa airport.
• Five years ago: A day after an international Mideast peace conference in Annapolis, Md., President George W. Bush told Israeli and Palestinian leaders he was personally committed to their mission of peace. Republican presidential rivals Rudy Giuliani and Mitt Romney clashed over immigration in a provocative, no-holds-barred CNN/YouTube debate. O.J. Simpson pleaded not guilty in Las Vegas to charges of kidnapping and armed robbery stemming from a confrontation with sports memorabilia dealers. (Simpson and a co-defendant were later convicted.) Broadway stagehands and theater producers reached a tentative agreement on ending a crippling 19-day-old strike.
• One year ago: Egyptians, despite a recent wave of unrest, waited peacefully in long lines to vote in the first parliamentary elections since the ouster of Hosni Mubarak; Islamist parties were the big winners. Occupy Wall Street protesters defied a deadline to remove their weeks-old encampment on the Los Angeles City Hall lawn.
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• Today's Birthdays: Recording executive Berry Gordy Jr. is 83. Former Sen. Gary Hart, D-Colo., is 76. Singer-songwriter Bruce Channel is 72. Singer Randy

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