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• In 1962, South African anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela was arrested on charges of leaving the country without a passport and inciting workers to strike; it was the beginning of 27 years of imprisonment.
• In 1963, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union signed a treaty in Moscow banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere, in space and underwater.
• In 1969, the U.S. space probe Mariner 7 flew by Mars, sending back photographs and scientific data.
• In 1981, the federal government began firing air traffic controllers who had gone out on strike.
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• Ten years ago: Israeli helicopters fired missiles at a suspected weapons factory in Gaza City following attacks that killed 13 people in 24 hours. The coral-encrusted gun turret of the Civil War ironclad USS Monitor was raised from the floor of the Atlantic, nearly 140 years after the historic warship sank during a storm. Death claimed Los Angeles Lakers play-by-play announcer Chick Hearn at age 85; former "Sesame Street" cast member Matt Robinson at age 65; and soap opera actor Joshua Ryan Evans at age 20.
• Five years ago: President George W. Bush and Afghan President Hamid Karzai (HAH'-mihd KAHR'-zeye) began meeting at Camp David to discuss security issues in Afghanistan. Lorena Ochoa (lohr-AY'-nah oh-CHOH'-uh) won the Women's British Open -- the first women's professional tournament played at venerable St. Andrews -- for her first major title. Cardinal Jean-Marie Lustiger (zhahn mah-REE' loos-tih-ZHAY'), one of the most influential Roman Catholic figures in France, died in Paris at age 80. Comedian Stanley Myron Handelman died in Panorama City, Calif., at age 77.
• One year ago: Standard & Poor's lowered the United States' AAA credit rating by one notch to AA-plus. A federal jury convicted three New Orleans police officers, a former officer and a retired sergeant of civil rights violations in the 2005 shooting deaths of a teenager and a mentally disabled man crossing a bridge following Hurricane Katrina. A sun-powered robotic explorer named Juno rocketed toward Jupiter on a five-year quest to discover the secret recipe for making planets.
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• Today's Birthdays: Former astronaut Neil A. Armstrong is 82. Actor John Saxon is 76. College Football Hall of Famer and former NFL player Roman Gabriel is 72. Country songwriter Bobby Braddock is 72. Rock musician Rick Huxley (The Dave Clark Five) is 72. Actress Loni Anderson is 67. Actress Erika Slezak is 66. Rock singer Rick Derringer is 65. Actress Holly Palance is 62. Singer Samantha Sang is

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