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died in Princeton, N.J., at age 71.
• In 1940, France signed an armistice with Italy during World War II.
• In 1948, Communist forces cut off all land and water routes between West Germany and West Berlin, prompting the western allies to organize the Berlin Airlift. The Republican National Convention, meeting in Philadelphia, nominated New York Gov. Thomas E. Dewey for president.
• In 1968, "Resurrection City," a shantytown constructed as part of the Poor People's March on Washington D.C., was closed down by authorities.
• In 1975, 113 people were killed when an Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashed while attempting to land during a thunderstorm at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
• In 1983, the space shuttle Challenger -- carrying America's first woman in space, Sally K. Ride -- coasted to a safe landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California.
• In 1987, comedian-actor Jackie Gleason died at his home in Lauderhill, Fla., at age 71.
• In 1992, the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, strengthened its 30-year ban on officially sponsored worship in public schools, prohibiting prayer as a part of graduation ceremonies.
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• Ten years ago: President George W. Bush urged the Palestinians to replace Yasser Arafat with leaders "not compromised by terror" and adopt democratic re

forms that could produce an independent state within three years. The Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must decide whether a convicted killer lives or dies. A train crash in central Tanzania (tan-zuh-NEE'-uh) killed at least 288 people.
• Five years ago: Ali Hassan al-Majid (ah-LEE' hah-SAHN' ahl mah-ZHEED'), Saddam Hussein's cousin known as "Chemical Ali," and two other ex-officials were sentenced by the Iraqi High Tribunal to hang for slaughtering up to 180,000 Kurdish men, women and children two decades earlier. Charles W. Lindberg, one of the U.S. Marines who raised the first of two American flags over Iwo Jima during World War II, died in Edina, Minn., at age 86.
• One year ago: A defiant U.S. House voted overwhelmingly to deny President Barack Obama the authority to wage war against Libya, but Republicans fell short in an effort to actually cut off funds for the operation. New York State legalized same-sex marriage. A truck-tractor hauling two side-dump trailers ran into a 12-car Amtrak passenger train at a crossing in the Nevada desert, killing six people, including the truck driver.

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