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ecutive order signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
• In 1963, civil rights leader Medgar Evers, 37, was shot and killed outside his home in Jackson, Miss. (In 1994, Byron De La Beckwith was convicted of murdering Evers and sentenced to life in prison; he died in 2001.)
• In 1967, the Supreme Court, in Loving v. Virginia, struck down state laws prohibiting interracial marriages.
• In 1972, the notorious porn film "Deep Throat," starring Linda Lovelace, opened in New York. (The title would become the nickname of a deep background source for The Washington Post during the Watergate scandal, later revealed to be then-FBI Associate Director Mark Felt.) Death claimed literary critic Edmund Wilson at age 77 and community organizer Saul Alinsky at age 63.
• In 1982, a crowd estimated at up to 1 million people gathered in New York's Central Park to demand a superpower freeze on nuclear weapons.
• In 1987, President Ronald Reagan, during a visit to the divided German city of Berlin, publicly challenged Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev to "tear down this wall."
• In 1991, Russians went to the polls to elect Boris N. Yeltsin president of their republic.
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• Ten years ago: The Los Angeles Lakers finished off the New Jersey Nets in four games, winning their third straight NBA title with a 113-107 victory. Fashion designer Bill Blass died at his Connecticut home at age 79.
• Five years ago: President George W. Bush went to Capitol Hill, where he prodded rebellious Senate Republicans to help resurrect legislation that could provide eventual citizenship for millions of illegal immigrants. Afghan police mistook U.S. troops for Taliban fighters and opened fire, prompting U.S. forces to return fire, killing seven Afghan police officers. Justin Verlander pitched a no-hitter to lead the Detroit Tigers over the Milwaukee Brewers 4-0. Don Herbert, television's "Mr. Wizard," died in Bell Canyon, Calif., at age 89.
• One year ago: The Dallas Mavericks won their first NBA title by winning Game 6 of the finals against the Miami Heat, 105-95. "The Book of Mormon" took home nine Tony Awards, including the prize for best musical; "War Horse" won five Tonys, including the best play award.
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• Today's Birthdays: Banker/philanthropist David Rockefeller is 97. Former President George H.W. Bush is 88. Singer Vic Damone is 84. Songwriter Richard Sherman is 84. Actor-singer Jim Nabors is 82. Jazz musician Chick Corea is 71.

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