(Continued from page 35)

• On this date:
• In 1781, Los Angeles was founded by Spanish settlers under the leadership of Governor Felipe de Neve.
• In 1862, during the Civil War, Confederate forces led by Gen. Robert E. Lee began invading Maryland.
• In 1886, a group of Apache Indians led by Geronimo (also known as Goyathlay, "One Who Yawns") surrendered to Gen. Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.
• In 1893, English author Beatrix Potter first told the story of Peter Rabbit in the form of a "picture letter" to Noel Moore, the son of Potter's former governess.
• In 1917, the American Expeditionary Forces in France suffered their first fatalities during World War I when a German plane attacked a British-run base hospital.
• In 1948, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicated after nearly six decades of rule for health reasons.
• In 1951, President Harry S. Truman addressed the nation from the Japanese peace treaty conference in San Francisco in the first live, coast-to-coast television broadcast.
• In 1957, Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus used Arkansas National Guardsmen to prevent nine black students from entering all-white Central High School in Little Rock. Ford Motor Co. began selling its ill-fated Edsel.
• In 1969, the Food and Drug Administration issued a report calling birth control pills "safe," despite a slight risk of fatal blood-clotting disorders linked to the pills.
• In 1971, an Alaska Airlines jet crashed near Juneau, killing all 111 people on board.
• In 1972, U.S. swimmer Mark Spitz won a seventh gold medal at the Munich Olympics, in the 400-meter medley relay. "The New Price Is Right," hosted by Bob Barker, premiered on CBS. (The game show later dropped the "New" from its title and expanded from a half-hour to an hour.)
• In 1987, a Soviet court convicted West German pilot Mathias Rust of charges stemming from his daring flight to Moscow's Red Square, and sentenced him to four years in a labor camp. (Rust was released in Aug. 1988.)
•
• Ten years ago: President George W. Bush promised to seek Congress' approval for "whatever is necessary" to oust Saddam Hussein, including using military force. Secretary of State Colin Powell was heckled by dozens of activists on the closing day of the World Summit in South Africa. Texas cocktail waitress and aspir

(Continued on page 37)