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born Eugene Curran Kelly in Pittsburgh.
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• On this date:
• In 1305, Scottish rebel leader Sir William Wallace was executed by the English for treason.
• In 1775, Britain's King George III proclaimed the American colonies to be in a state of "open and avowed rebellion."
• In 1858, "Ten Nights in a Bar-room," a play by Timothy Shay Arthur about the perils of alcohol, opened in New York.
• In 1914, Japan declared war against Germany in World War I.
• In 1926, silent film star Rudolph Valentino died in New York at age 31.
• In 1927, amid protests, Italian-born anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were executed in Boston for the murders of two men during a 1920 robbery.
• In 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to a non-aggression treaty, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, in Moscow.
• In 1944, Romanian prime minister Ion Antonescu was dismissed by King Michael, paving the way for Romania to abandon the Axis in favor of the Allies.
• In 1962, John Lennon married his first wife, Cynthia Powell, in Liverpool, England. (The marriage lasted until 1968.)
• In 1972, the Republican National Convention, meeting in Miami Beach, nominated Vice President Spiro T. Agnew for a second term.
• In 1973, a bank robbery-turned-hostage-taking began in Stockholm, Sweden; the four hostages ended up empathizing with their captors, a psychological condition now referred to as "Stockholm Syndrome."
• In 1982, Lebanon's parliament elected Christian militia leader Bashir Gemayel president. (However, Gemayel was assassinated some three weeks later.)
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• Ten years ago: North Korean leader Kim Jong Il made his second visit to Russia in a year, meeting with President Vladimir Putin outside Vladivostok. New York publicist Lizzie Grubman pleaded guilty in a hit-and-run crash that injured 16 people outside a Hamptons nightclub. (Grubman ended up serving 37 days of a 60-day sentence at the Suffolk County, N.Y., jail, with time off for good behavior.)
• Five years ago: A report by top U.S. spy analysts concluded the Iraqi government was strained by rampant violence, deep sectarian differences among its political parties and stymied leadership. Reality TV star Nicole Richie spent 82 minutes in

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